Extension Activities for Bread and Jam for Frances

Extension Activities for Bread and Jam for Frances Engaging in activities related to favorite children’s books is a great way to incorporate relaxed homeschooling and low-key learning with young children. And, its fun for the whole family.  As C.S. Lewis said, â€Å"A childrens story that can only be enjoyed by children is not a good childrens story in the slightest.† One of my familys favorite picture  books is  Bread and Jam for Frances, by Russell Hoban. In the story, Frances the badger only wants to eat bread and jam. Her picky eating habit are frustrating for Frances mother. She says Frances won’t try anything new. Parents of picky eaters can surely relate. Read Bread and Jam for Frances with your child, then, try some of these fun activities! Hands-on Learning Activities Using the Picture Book Bread and Jam for Frances 1. Jump rope. Frances seems to always have her jump rope handy. She jumps while chanting, â€Å"Jam on biscuits. Jam on toast. Jam is the thing that I like most.† Talk to your child about the importance of physical activity. Discuss her favorite activities and the health benefits of fresh air and sunshine. Encourage your child to get active by jumping rope. It’s a fantastic cardiovascular activity that helps kids develop better coordination and rhythm. See if you can jump in time to Frances’ chant or try making up jump rope rhymes of your own. 2. Make homemade bread. Frances loves bread and jam. Who can blame her? Homemade bread is especially tasty. Try making your own bread. Baking bread offers many educational benefits, such as: Reading a recipeMeasuring and fractionsFollowing directionsDiscovering the science of yeast Following easy bread baking tips for beginners, you can make a simple, one-loaf yeast bread. If you don’t want to make your own, take a trip a bakery. Call ahead to arrange a tour so you can see how bread and other baked goods are made on a large-scale basis. 3. Make jam. Store-bought jam is definitely easier, but homemade jam is delicious! Try  making a simple, homemade jam  to enjoy.  Depending on the time of year, consider taking a field trip to pick your own strawberries or blueberries for your homemade jam. 4. Plan a nutritional meal. Frances prefers bread and jam to the nutritious meals her mother prepares. Even Frances’ younger sister is willing to try new things. And, Frances’ friend Albert has practically turned his lunchtime routine into a work of art. Talk with your child about what it means to make healthy food choices. Discuss which foods are the best for a healthy diet and what foods make healthy snacks for kids. Then brainstorm together to plan a healthy menu for the day. Include foods for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Be sure to experiment with some healthy recipes that are new to your family. Make a shopping list for the meals on your list and visit the grocery store. Many grocery stores offer field trips for homeschool groups. Our local store offers a tour that includes a discussion about healthy food choices and provides students with an opportunity to sample foods they may not have tried before. 5. Practice setting the table. Frances makes a big deal out of the last meal we observe her eating at the end of the book. Not only is she excited to try new things, but she takes the time to set a lovely table to enjoy the meal. Talk with your child about how to set a table. Discuss  good table manners. You can even make some tissue paper flowers to place on your table. My kids and I love all of the Frances books, but Bread and Jam for Frances is one of our favorites. Use these  simple extension activities from the story of the picky-eater badger as a springboard for fun learning opportunities.

Book Cover Design Ultimate Guide for Making Memorable Book Covers

Book Cover Design Ultimate Guide for Making Memorable Book Covers Book Cover Design: Your Ultimate Guide for Memorable Book Covers Are you a Richard?Richard put hours upon hours into writing a book he was proud of. He had it edited, spent the time to have others beta read it, and was SO happy with the results.Butof all the many hours he spent on his book, on the proofing and even self-publishing it on Amazon, the cover design was not even a whole one of them.And thats where he failed.And thats what his low book sales were reflective of.You see, Richard knew the contents of the book were important. What he failed to realize, however, is that people do, in fact, judge a book by its cover.In reality, according to The Book Smuggler, 79% of people say book cover designs play a decisive role in their decision to purchase a book.So, are you a Richardor will you learn what it takes to design a book cover that will sell your book?Here are our tips for how to design a book cover:Cost of book cover designHow long it takes to design a book cover7 steps to design your own book cover7 steps to hire a professional book cover d esignerStarting your book todayNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereHow much does it cost to design a book cover?On average, you can expect to spend anywhere from $50 $500 for a book cover design thats professionally crafted.There are always (worthwhile) expenses you incur when self-publishing your book. The total cost of your book cover design will vary based on a few key factors.These rates of a book cover design depend on the following criteria:cover designers experiencehow intricate your book cover isthe time it takes to designhow many options you want to choose fromthe cover designers expertise with cover designthe cover designers demand for workWhat you want to remember is that your books cover is its very first impression to the world. Investing in this is above almost anything else (aside from book editing). 79% of people voted yes when asked if book cover designs play a decisive role in their decision to purchase a bookhow much time did you spend on yours?Click To TweetHow long does it take to design a book cover?The length of time it takes to design a good book cover can vary from a few hours when making it yourself to a few weeks if you choose to hire a cover designer.Overall, we recommend our students allot roughly three weeks from initial touchpoint to self-publishing your book in order to ensure your cover is fully complete before launching your book.However, please keep in mind that if you hire someone to design your book cover, they may not have availability right away. Meaning, reach out a few months before you want to launch your book in order to hire someone.Design your own book coverIf youre not quite ready to put your book in the hands of a professional designer, we have methods to help you design your own book cover.#1 Develop book cover ideasWe all typically have a thought about what we want our book cov ers to look like. Sometimes we even save images to our phone of covers we really like or want to emulate.Your first step for designing your own book cover is compiling all these ideas into a single place.You can find book cover ideas in all of these places:Pinterest sign on to Pinterest and look up book covers to get a ton of brilliant covers all in one place. This is also a great place to create a board specifically to save book covers for future reference.Goodreads There are so many books on Goodreads for you to look at as covers inspiration. You can even simply add these to your to be read list in order to save them for reference as well.Google book cover ideas Others have already done the work for you! Just go to Google and type in book cover inspiration and click on the images tab to be greeted with tons of great options you can save. Or you can check out helpful blog posts like this one on the 100 most creative book cover ideas.Peruse Amazon in your books genre This is by far the best method for coming up with book cover ideas. Simply go to your books genre by navigating to books your genre subgenre and look at the typical covers of bestselling books, like in the image below.#2 Use free stock images for your book coverOnce you have an idea for your book, you may need to outsource the images by using free stock photo sites.We highly recommend stock photos (if you cant have professional ones taken) because they are readily available for use, unlike some you might find on Google and want to use.Here are a few places you can get free photos for your book cover:Stocksnap.ioBurstPexelsUnsplashï » ¿PixabayFoodiesFeedFreestocks.orgPicographyï » ¿If you do want to up your game with stock photos, you can purchase licenses for the images (meaning oftentimes, youre the only person who can use that image).Heres where you can find paid stock images:ShutterstockAdobe Stock PhotosGetty ImagesiStockStoryBlocksKate Max StockStock UnlimitedHaute Stock#3 Choose bo ok cover fontsFonts matter! Depending on your genre, the style of your book, and even the vibe or voice you want to convey, your book cover fonts can make a major difference in how potential readers view your book.For example, I used three different fonts to make up the covers in the images below. Depending on which font used, the title suddenly has a new meaning- and a new audience.You have to make sure youre using a font for your cover that coincides with its message, tone, and the audience youre trying to reach.#4 Find the right book cover dimensionsYou cant design a book cover all willy nilly. The right book cover dimensions are crucial.What are the proper book cover dimensions?This is often your call and depends on your book formatting, but the most common paperback book dimensions are 6 by 9 (15.24 x 22.86 cm).This doesnt mean you have to use this size, but this is the most common size for a paperback book, and is Amazons default book dimension option if you publish through them.Here are more book cover dimensions for the multiple platforms you may publish on:Publishing PlatformFile FormatBook Cover Size (suggested)Cover Size RequirementsAmazon KDPJPEG or TIFF- 2560 x 1600 pixels - Ratio of 1.6:1Between 1000 x 625 pixels AND 10000 x 10000 pixels. One side must be at least 1000 pixels long/wide.Barnes NobleJPG or PNG- Height and width of 1400 pixels minimum750 pixels minimum for height and widthApple iBooksJPG or PNG- 1400 x 1873 px - 1600 x 2400 px1400 pixels wide as a minimumDraft 2 DigitalJPEG- 1600 x 2400 pixelsTall rectangle of 1600 wide and 2400 pixels longKobo BooksJPG or PNG- 1600 x 2400 pixels1400 pixels wide as a minimum#5 Use free or paid cover design softwareNow its time to put everything youve created and gathered together and design your actual book cover.There are many different options to choose from, some of which dont cost you additional money, while others do.You dont have to be an expert designer to create a great cover, but you do have to use certain methods to make it look like your book cover was designed by an expert (and well cover professional book designs in a bit).Using different design softwares, much like writing softwares, allows you to upload your work in a way that provides you with a clean finished results.Here are our top free book cover designs softwares to use:CanvaAdobe SparkGraphic SpringsDIY Book CoversDesign WizardGIMPVenngage Book Cover MakerThese are design softwares that are more advanced, and therefore not free:Photoshop $9.99/monthsAdobe Illustrator $31.49/monthPic Monkey $7.99/month to $12.99/month#6 Create 3 different cover optionsInstead of creating one solid cover, make three very different cover options. You never know what your audience will find most appealing.When you only make one cover, youre limiting yourself to only one option, which might not be whats best to maintain high book sales.For that reason, we always recommend to our students to have at least three differen t book cover options available for them to narrow it down from.#7 Test your book cover options with an audienceYou cant possibly know what will resonate well with your audience. Sure, if youve done your book research on your specific genre, youll have a good idea, but thats not always a sure thing.Were often too close to our books to accurately determine whats best for it.This is why we have someone else edit it. Fresh eyes can make a major difference on deciding whats best.We recommend joining a group (for our students, its our Mastermind Facebook group) or sending your cover options out to a group of people in order to get feedback.Heres an example of one of our students posting their cover for feedback in our group:Hire a professional book cover designerSometimes you just have to leave the professional work to, well, the professionals.There are tons of advantages to using a professional book cover designer instead of doing it yourself:They can create custom designs, instead of u sing stock photosThey have inside knowledge about the book cover worldThey will almost always make something of higher qualityYou can trust that your cover will be good for its genreThere are many ways you can go about hiring a cover designer, one of which we discuss in the video below, but following our steps for working with a professional will help you come away with the best book cover you can. #1 Put together book cover inspirationMuch like we discussed in the section on creating your own book cover, there are so many ways to find cover designs you like.We mentioned perusing Pinterest, searching for book cover inspiration on Google, and even heading to your books genre on Amazon to find what covers are performing best.The main difference when working with a professional designer is that you should compile these ideas somewhere you can share with them.Ultimately, they will create a cover they know to be great for your book, but they also want to know your vision for the project as well.#2 Research popular book covers in your genreWe touched on this in the above section as well, but when looking for book cover ideas, spend some time to research whats populat in your genere.Your cover designer will likely have experience creating in your genre (if you chose one wisely, at least) and can help with this but giving them a starting point will help you get to the cover youve always wanted, faster.#3 Hire a book cover designer you likeFinding a cover designer can be tricky. Here are Self-Publishing School, we actually provide a Rolodex of talented book cover designers (as seen in the image below) in order to allow our students to cut down on expenses and time spent searching.That being said, there are many methods for finding cover designers.Here are the many places you can find book cover designers for hire:If youre a student of ours, the Rolodex featured above in your courseFiverrUpworkReedsy99 DesignsELP Publishing17 Studio Book DesignGoogle and research fre elance book cover designersBespoke Book CoversOnce you find a book cover designer you want to work with, the rest of this process continues.#4 Communicate your ideas about the book coverBe as clear with your design as you can about what you want and expect for your book cover.Remember, theyre not miracle workers, but if their experience is in line with what youre looking for, be very upfront about what you want.Share your book cover inspiration ideas with them in order to give them an idea of what to create for you.Another thing theyll ask is what your book is about. Give them the core elements, the style of it, and the tone you want it to have along with who your core audience is.#5 Ask for 1-3 optionsAt minimum, you should have 2 different cover options completed, though we highly recommend 3 in order to get a wider range of what you truly want.This allows you to find the cover that BEST suits what youre looking for.Like in the example from our very own team member, Michael Lach ances book, Land Your Dream Job, these cover design options should vary greatly from one another, and not just be different in their text or colors. Make this very clear to your designer- most offer 3-4 cover options within their packages already.#6 Test your book cover options with an audienceThe above image is an example of getting feedback of your cover design. Its always a good idea to run the final cover options through a feedback group in order to see what OTHER people resonate with.Sometimes your target market will like a book cover that isnt your favorite.While its completely up to you which cover to go with, remember to keep your audience in mind. After all, your book is for them, not for you.#7 Finalize your cover optionsThe final step for your book cover design is to finalize it! Work with yoru designer to choose your favorite design, finalize the color and font options, and thats it!We recommend hosting a book cover reveal as a way to stir up more anticipation for your novel before your book launch as well!Ready to start writing your bestselling book TODAY?Book covers are just a single, albeit important, part of the book publishing process.In order to do your book justice, check out our free training on how to write a bestselling book!

Public policy problem statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public policy problem statement - Essay Example ance and lack of concern for the lives of others has turned urban squares into crime dens where criminals with sadistic motives target innocent civilians. As a corollary, the main objective of this document is to establish the most significant factors of enhancing safety in urban squares and to devise a plan for resolving the safety problems. This will be achieved by making a comparative analysis on three outstanding theorists’ perspectives concerning the area under discussion. An urban square should be able to host strangers from different backgrounds and at the same time ensure the safety of the individuals and property within its precincts (Jacobs, 1961, 30). The Pleasance of a place is contingent to its ability to protect the inhabitants from menaces and physical harm as well as psychological protection from insecurity, fear becoming a victim of crime (Gehl, 2008, 162). The concept of a safe urban square can be best defined in contrast with the concept of an unsafe urban square. Insecurity can be looked at from two different perspectives: i.e. the objective and subjective perspectives. From an objective perspective, Insecurity take account of all factors that impedes the safety of an individual, such as aggravated burglary, murder, violent assaults, sexual harassment among others. On the other hand insecurity from a subjective point of view requires a broad-spectrum judgment of an incident in terms of regional safety and space. Insecurity and poverty are two phenomena that are very interrelated. This is because leads to social disorders such as robbery, violence, assault and the like (Salehi, 2008, 107). A plan aimed at ensuring a safe and secure urban square should include elements of both safety (protection against arson, environmental pollutions, car accidents and other unanticipated natural events) and security (prevention against crime targeting individuals and their properties e.g. sexual harassment, robbery with violence among others (Salehi, 2008,

THE Chain of Command Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE Chain of Command - Research Paper Example However, the principles and theories formulated during the first quarter of 20th century are still being used as the base of each new management model. This paper mainly highlights the principle of chain of command which was first presented by Henri Fayol in 1916. The paper deals with the significance of chain of command, the historical perspective described by different writers, and its effectiveness in organizations. An intentional attempt has been made to generalize the concept of chain of command in all fields of life. Although the term is mostly used in military perspective, however, the paper is not found stuck to military organizations only. The application of chain of command and its effectiveness has been discussed in context of both military and civil organizations. In the concluding remarks, the concept of chain of command has been analyzed critically along with few recommendations. Change of Command In a military perspective, the chain of command is a specific communicati on and interactive procedure, in the line of authority plus responsibility in which orders are conveyed in a military unit and other concerning different units. Generally orders are disseminated out by a higher hierarchy i.e. a commissioned officer to the lower-ranked personnel who after receiving the orders execute the same to further lower personnel. Thus the orders are carried out to all those who are supposed to be executed. Generally, in military orders are given to instant subordinates in the chain of command while lower ranked personnel get the orders only from those who are their immediate seniors. No service member is allowed to appeal for any relief to a commander above his immediate officer and the failure is dealt with disciplinary action. Although, military officers are authorized to give orders to any of their under command subordinates, however, they are expected to communicate their orders only to their immediate juniors. In any organization, military, civil, or priv ate, chain of command is actually an official streak of authority, control, and responsibility. The chain of command is well described through a sorted out organizational chart which identifies the superior authorities and their subordinates as well as the possible ways of communications and relationships between them. The classical theory of organization highlights the importance of human relations, organizational effectiveness, and overall management. These aspects construct an organizational structure which allows one to ascertain the lines of authority and command and ensures lucid task of his responsibilities (Alajloni et al, 2010). The principle of unity of command is maintained by following the proper chain of command along with apparent interaction with specific authority. According to Fayol (1916), this principle means that each lower ranked subordinate must receive orders from one and only one person. This minimizes any kind of confusions, doubts, and conflicts as various bosses lead to divide the responsibilities. In military perspective, the rule of unity of command is very significant because violation of this rule leads to jeopardize of overall discipline and may also result in instability of the whole unit. In his historical book ‘General and Industrial Management’, Fayol also stated the scalar chain principle. This principle describes that authority and responsibility flow, one level at a time, in a vertical line from the highest level in an organization to its lowest level and thus establishes an organization's hierarchy. For Duncan (1979), the disregard of chain of command without proper disposal is a management error; however, he tolerates it provided the chain of comm

The Islamic Hegemony Essay Example for Free

The Islamic Hegemony Essay The course of world history could have been altered if a single detail in the events in the 1200’s was changed or did not happen, or a decision was roughly executed at the wrong time, place and situation. Other races or nations may have been the world’s superpower today if the right opportunities were present at that time, and it only means that what could be happening today may be reversed in an instant as not a single nation holds the monopoly of societal change. The world we know today could have been much different if Genghis Khan’s attempt to destroy the Persian Empire was defeated. In the next sections we will present a historical alteration of events and hypothesize on the consequences of Genghis Khan’s defeat with its repercussions on the political, cultural and economic environment of the present. Islamic armies have conquered much of the Central Asian region and converted the population to Islam before the Mongolian invasion of Persia in the 1200’s which halted the Muslim expansion. Whenever these Muslim warriors went, torture, massacre and abuse on the different nomadic tribes, Turkish, Mongolian and other non-Muslim people were perpetuated. The affair on the Silk Road was the only event which altered the course of history. If Genghis Khan was not able to defeat the Persians, it would have been possible that the Islamic Empire expanded East ward without facing any formidable resistance. China in 1279 during the Sung Dynasty has suffered from Mongolian attacks hence any organized resistance would be impossible and the disoriented armies formed to oppose the Muslims would be severely annihilated en masse. The possibility was great that the combined forces of Khwarazmian Empire’s of Shah Muhammad II of Eastern Iran and the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad could take hold of the territories that the Mongolian hordes have reached; India, China, Central Asia and farther up in Poland. Without the emergence of Pax Mongolica (Phillips 32), Muslim influence could have reached a vast expanse in Asia, Eurasia and the Caucasus for it was evident that the Muslim armies converted to Islam every nation or kingdom that they had conquered under the scimitar and the green flag. Thus, we would be having two of the world’s most populous nations (China and India) under Muhammad’s doctrines and such could greatly alter the balance of power in the contemporary history. With Islam as the world’s leading religion in terms of the number of believers. The factor that could have attributed to the Islamic success in dispersing its culture and belief is that unlike the Mongolians, who subscribed to the cultures of the conquered lands, they brought along with tem an organized religion and culture paired with iron will to impose their belief and culture by the sword. Later in Kublai Khan’s rule, he had planned to conquer Japan from the Korean Peninsula but was halted when the Mongolian fleet was destroyed by a typhoon. The Mongol leader attacked in 1274 but was unsuccessful due to a hurricane, known to the Japanese as the winds of the Kamikaze. Eight years later, Kublai struck again launching the largest naval brigade prior to the 1700s. However, the Mongol fleet was sunk by another massive hurricane. After these two disastrous failures, Kublai deserted his plans for the conquest of Japan. (Hooker 2) Imagine when the Islamic conquerors have annexed China into the Islamic sphere of influence with the Arabian dynasty on its helm, we would have a Muslim Japan, which is another world superpower today. With the occupation of China and Japan, it would have been easier for the Arab converters to take hold of South East Asian countries like Philippines, Indonesia and the Indochina and monopolize the political and religious power in the region, blocking the European colonial powers from acquiring their colonies (Dutch East Indies, Indochina and Philippines) in the early part of the 14th century. On the other side of the picture, Muslim armies were also waging a war in the Iberian Peninsula, taking Portugal and Spain from their bases in Egypt and North Africa. This could have spelled total disaster for the Christian armies that were also engaged in the Crusades aimed at retaking the Holy Land from the combined armies of different caliphates and kingdoms in the Middle East. This would be greatly altered in the event that the Islamic armies would be concentrated on the expansion in the European kingdoms. Europe at that time was facing constant disputes on its closely knitted states and principalities hence the political atmosphere was not conducive to economic activities. Without trade from the East (mainly referred to the Silk Road) the mercantile economy was paralyzed. The Mongol hordes rampaged Europe with: †¦A massive raid rather than a complete occupation; nevertheless, the picture she paints is chilling. Driving across the North German plain, the same route Cold War planners pictured for a Soviet invasion, the Mongols would have made use of expert reconnaissance to target plunder and grazing land. They would have sacked Belgium and Holland, destroying the embryonic financial centers of Europe. They would have turned south into France, destroying Paris and with it the revival of ancient philosophy that it would have hosted a few decades later. Perhaps they would have crossed the Alps and ravaged Italy, destroying the other birthplaces of the Renaissance†¦The Dark Ages were pure light compared to what could have happened (Dutch) With such factors, the European nations would not be able to reach a stage of economic growth. The Anglo Saxon and European kingdoms were limited to self-preservation and busied with internal conflicts, so if ever the Arabian Empire would pose a threat to the continent, the nations would not be able to respond accordingly. Though these nations were not totally annexed by the Arabian Empire, the age of explorations will not be like what it was in real history. The colonial powers of Europe may have not conquered parts of Africa because of a strong Islamic influence on the continent brought about by the healthy trade relations with the caliphates and emirates in the Islamic world. The Asian continents were already fortified with Islamic sultanates that had ensued from China, which was already an Islamic territory. The discovery of the New World may have not been possible because of the diverted attention of the European nations from exploration to warfare and territorial defense. The effects of these events could have paralyzed the entire European economy as they were scuttling for raw materials for their industries and caused a crisis in the production system making wars of aggression and annexation more often. It should be noted that the Crusades were, hypothetically, defeated by the Muslim armies thus, the Holy Land was in the sole custody of an Islamic state in the Palestine. If that was what had happened, there is a strong probability that the Zionist Israel will not exist therefore a more peaceful Middle East. It was also likely that the strong Islamic states have maintained the sovereignty of their oil resources and subsequently created a more prosperous oil industry free of European influences. Hence, the events that could have transpired in the 1200’s would have created a new world order wherein the Islamic culture is dominant. The majority of the world’s population could have been Muslims and with such superiority in number religious discrimination would be inexistent. It could have been possible that a nation in Middle East is today’s superpower not the United States. Such was the gravity of the alterations in world affairs that even as we speak, we would be subscribing to Arabic-speaking television networks. The dynamism of history is truly fragile. There are many possibilities in the historical development of human societies and each would yield another result. Works Cited Dutch, Steven. The Mongols. (1998). May 23, 2008 http://www. uwgb. edu/dutchs/WestTech/xmongol. htm. Hooker, Richard. The Establishment of the Bakufu. Japan, Korea and the Mongols. May 23, 2008 http://www. wsu. edu/~dee/FEUJAPAN/KAMAKURA. HTM. Phillips, E. D. The Mongols. Vol. 2. New York: Frederick A. Prager, 1969.

Equality Between Men and Women in Modern Society vs. Ancient Greek Soci

In today's society, women hold a position equal to that of a man. However, this has not always been the case especially in the Ancient Greek society. In the society there were many rules and regulations for all, but in particular the women had it the hardest. Women were seen as insignificant characters in the Ancient Greek society. While the men†¦.women attained the most difficult job of all, bearing children. These women in the society had very little freedom, actually no freedom at all. Can you imagine being locked inside a house all day with the windows locked? In the Ancient Greek society, women were actually very important to keeping the society together and functioning. Men did not give them the credit they deserved. Thus dominant role of women portrayed in Ancient Greek mythology and artwork is in direct contrast to the more subservient role of women during the classical era in Greece. In today's society, women hold a position equal to that of a man. However, this has not always been the case especially in the Ancient Greek society. In the society there were many rules and re...

JC Penney Advertising Essay

As time progresses, the world, in terms of business is rather contracting. There is growing communication, interaction and exchange between different parts of the world. Technologies that were once thought of as a far sighted notion are now being used like household commodities and communication mediums that were once considered luxuries available to few are now necessities needed to prosper. And as the world is becoming more integrated and countries are becoming more and more dependent on one another in terms of trade and business the concept of branding, advertising and promotion is becoming more prevalent and widespread. This paper will focus on the marketing of JC penny. It would elaborate on the print as well as online marketing. Moreover it would compare and contrast advertising of online and bricks and mortar companies. Discussion The demand for accountability of marketing is rising and also the pressure of having less absolute dollars to work with so there is utmost need to be sharper, more purposeful and more targeted with marketing. JC Penney is a general retail brand that specializes in clothing, accessories and home furnishing. It has been around for decades and has been catering the needs of consumers of all ages and backgrounds. JC Penney’s main target audience at the present times is women as well as youngsters. JC Penney faced criticism for being a brand that accommodated only the high-end and older generation. However, they have been changing their brand image and have been successful in implementing an image that is portraying a more young and trendy vibe. It now focuses on providing products that have the characteristics of being conservative, traditional, modern or trendy. Fundamentally JC Penney has been escalated in the last years is through the fact that it has moved from mass marketing to a more targeted approach. The few reasons for this change is that JC Penney believes that when business is difficult there is a lot greater chance of success with getting the arms around the best customers and increasing frequency share of wallet and trips with the best customers then trying to recruit new customers in tough times that may not shopping the brand. JC Penney has managed to find ways to develop formats that allowed it to get more productivity out the money that is spend. It has also become more targeted in terms of customer selection through becoming much sharper about making sure the right customers get the right format in the right piece. (Fetterman, 2006) JC Penney is one of the brands that hold the significance of being a brick and mortar store as well as an online retailer. Hence, it follows branding through all of the sources of mass media. It publishes magazines and postcards for the promotion of its products. It also advertises it products and offers through newspapers, television ads and online ads. When comparing the online and print media usage it quoted by Mike Boylson the Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of JC Penney that In the postcard you can deliver more of a sales message, or more of a discount message these postcards may drive the customers online to see the full assortment online where as the larger brand books of JC Penny show a much richer sense of the style that they have and they portray fundamentally completely different messages. The postcard includes the offer and a link to the website to go see the expanded content where as the book itself that goes out shows the product, the customer can then either come in the store or they can go online or place their order on the phone. Direct mail is very important because through versioning and through customer segmentation the company is able to send out more targeted messages that are highly accountable and are also able to track the results in direct mail to a degree that cannot be possible in a lot of the other traditional mass media used by JC Penney. JC Penney has been focusing a great deal over its brand image and has been trying to diversify and broaden its target audience. It has recently changed to a new brand motif; ‘Every day matters’ along with the new tag line, the company has been working on enhancing its customer’s services and the opening of several temporary promotional stores. JC Penney is focusing on increasing the popularity of its brick and mortar stores as well as its online retailing through providing customers with latest offers, discounts and showcasing their product line online for ease of access. Sloan, 2007) As the world is advancing so are the technologies and the ease with which communication is possible among all parts of the world. With the advent of the internet and the upscale increase in its popularity, there has been almost nothing that is not available on the World Wide Web. The phenomenon of e-shopping emerged with the internet. The fact that customers could get what they want in the ease of their homes, increased the recognition of the internet and also of online shopping. There are numerous differences and similarities between online shopping and traditional shopping. But what holds more importance is the way the companies market their product online and how different it is from the marketing and promotion of brick and mortar companies. (Lowrey, 2008) Marketing over the internet is considered less costly, as it is holds a lower cost of distributing information on a global platform. More and more business are moving towards online retailing due to its outnumbered advantages in terms of cost, convenience and mobility of information over a great distance. One of the major focuses that companies including JC Penney is on the website. The success of online marketing is highly dependent over the outlook, design and the information provided by the website. Both the online companies as well as brick and mortar companies need to identify their target audience before they implement any marketing strategies. This lets them focus on the type of marketing tool they would benefit them. Brick and mortar companies offer a more traditional aspect of shopping and they also follow a traditional approach of marketing. This is mostly through mass media such as newspapers, television broadcast and magazines. With the passage of time, there are less and less companies that focus solely over brick and mortar business. Most companies are now available online as there is less overheads and larger audience prone to response through the internet. Conclusion In the end it is imperative to recognize the increasing importance of internet in business. Both, online retailing and brick and mortar companies hold their own set of characteristics that make them distinct. As the progress of online shopping is increasing there is still need for brick and mortar stores for traditional shoppers. Most companies, however, imply both the alternatives and hence, carry out their marketing accordingly.

Diet

Weight and eating right are constantly thrown at us today. Many diet and exercise plans claim to be based In scientific fact, that the findings have been completed In a lab under controlled circumstances to produce results. Some of these articles are titled â€Å"Weird Reasons We Gain Weight† and â€Å"The Psychology of a Restaurant Menu. † These articles are everywhere on the Internet, and make various claims behind the science of eating, food and things it can do to our bodies.I will examine the popular science behind the psychology of eating, the popularity of diets proven by â€Å"science† and how science drives our eating habits as a society and culture. David A. Kessler is a Harvard trained doctor, lawyer and former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. Kessler Is also the author of the book â€Å"The End of Overeating† which examines why people cannot resist or stop consuming certain foods. Kessler believes that overeating begins In our brain, not In our bodies.He has developed a theory that claims that foods high In fat, salt and sugar alter the brains chemistry In ways that causes people to overeat. L According to Kessler, rather than satisfying hunger the combination of salt-fat-sugar stimulate the brain to crave more of these foods. What happens is these foods cause the brain to release dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure center, into the person's body. This causes the person to associate these foods with pleasure, causing a craving of the food.Over time, Just the thought or sight of the foods makes the dopamine pathways light up, causing an uncontrollable desire for the food. Once the person has eaten the food, the brain releases voids, which produces emotional relief. This combination of dopamine and voids create a pathway that activates every time the person thinks about the food. Deprivation, such as that caused when a person diets, only causes a person to crave the food more, this Is wh y diets don't often work. Kessler says that a rewiring of the brain Is required to stop this cycle.Once this Is done, the body stops craving foods like It did before. 2 The difficultly will be changing how and what we eat as a culture, o that these foods are not as readily available. Much of the science behind diets is rooted in the proper nutrition needed for ones' body. Recently, Chris and Alexander van Tulle, identical twins and both physicians, decided to test the effectiveness of two different â€Å"popular diets. † Chris' consisted of super low fat, only 2% of his daily intake was fat, while Alexander diet was high-protein, that completely eliminated sugar.They had a similar daily routine, and followed the exact same fitness regime every day. Both experience unwelcome side effects, from bad breath to constipation. Alexander felt sluggish and had issues keeping up with Chris on bike rides. Chris on the other hand, claimed he had a constant gnawing hunger that couldn't be satisfied without fats. While Alexander was the weight loss winner for the month, his high protein diet caused his body to go Into ketosis, a state In which the body burns fat but doesn't effectively provide the brain with the glucose (sugar) it needs for energy.

Understanding Assonance 6 Examples, Analyzed

Understanding Assonance 6 Examples, Analyzed SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Analyzing literature can be pretty confusing, especially if you’re reading something that’s pretty complicated. That’s why it’s important to understand literary devices, which are tools designed to help you unlock the meaning of a text. Think of literary devices like tools in a toolbox. Each device has a different use, so it’s important that you have a bunch of different options to choose from...especially when you’re crunched for time, like during an AP Literature exam. That’s why we’re going to teach you everything you need to know about assonance, which is a literary device that helps a writer create both rhythm and tone. To do this, we’ll: Define assonance and talk about why it’s helpful in analyzing literature, Walk you through assonance examples in poetry and prose, and Give you four expert tips to help you find an analyze assonance in any text. Ready? Let’s dive in! What Is Assonance: Definition and Meaning What is assonance, exactly? Luckily, the assonance definition is pretty straightforward! Assonance is defined as the repetition of similar vowel sounds within words, phrases, or sentences. (Remember that vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.) When the same vowel sound is repeated multiple times in close proximity, you’ve found assonance. The best way to understand how assonance works is to see it in action. Let’s look at the following sentence: The squeaky wheel gets the grease. Read this sentence a few times. What vowel sound do you hear repeatedly? The answer: the long "e" sound (which you hear in words like â€Å"eek† and â€Å"creek†). Here’s the sentence again where we’ve bolded the repeated vowel sounds: The squeaky wheel gets the grease. As you can see, the long "e" sound repeats four times in the line, which is a textbook example of assonance! Want another example? Check out this clip from My Fair Lady, which has a whole song that revolves around assonance: Did you hear the assonance in the line, â€Å"the rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain†? Eliza Doolittle really helps that long â€Å"a† vowel sound shine! How Does Assonance Help You Analyze Literature? Now that you know what assonance is, you’re probably wondering how it helps you analyze literature. There are three major ways assonance works: by creating rhythm, drawing attention to specific words, and by shaping the tone- or feeling- of the work. How Assonance Creates Rhythm Because assonance involves repetition, it can be used to create rhythm. This is especially important in poetry, where the rhythm often affects the meaning of the poem. Take these lines from Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Raven,† for instance: And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; There’s quite a bit of assonance here, especially with the short â€Å"i† sound, which we’ve highlighted in bold above. The assonance gives the poem a drumming, march-like rhythm that mimics the terrified pounding of the speaker’s heart! How Assonance Draws Attention to Specific Words Secondly, the repetitive nature of assonance draws the reader’s attention to those words and phrases. In some cases, it can be the equivalent of the writer waving a red flag at the reader, signalling that there’s something important going on in that part of the text. Let’s look at the first two lines of William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Daffodils† to see this in action: I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, Here, the assonance is in the long â€Å"o† sound, and it draws your attention to an important simile in the poem. In this comparison, the speaker imagines himself as a â€Å"lonely† cloud that â€Å"floats† high â€Å"o’er† the landscape. Through assonance, the speaker reveals that he sees himself as separate and isolated from the world around him. How Assonance Shapes Tone and Meaning Writers also use assonance to help create tones, or feelings, in their work. By stringing together different words and vowel sounds, writers can evoke everything from happiness to fear. Here’s an example of this at work in Dylan Thomas’ â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night†: Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage, against the dying of the light To see how this creates a tone, try reading this passage out loud. The assonance of the long â€Å"a† makes you emphasize the sound as you read it, especially since those are also stressed syllables. (Not sure what a stressed syllable is? Check out our guide to iambic pentameter.) The assonance makes these lines sound forceful, which adds to the lines’ insistent- almost desperate- tone. When it comes to poetry, determining a poem’s tones is an important step to uncovering the work’s themes and messages. In the case of Thomas’ poem, the tone of these lines helps us understand how Thomas feels about death. For him, death isn’t something a person should accept passively- they should fight against it and embrace life as long as possible. So in this instance assonance helps us determine the poem’s tone, which in turn leads us to one of the poem’s major themes! Assonance Examples in Poetry Assonance is a pretty common literary device in poetry, especially because it helps poets shape a work’s rhythm, rhyme, tone, and theme. Let’s read one more poem to see how assonance examples help us analyze a poem and its themes. â€Å"The World Is Too Much With Us† by William Wordsworth The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;Little we see in Nature that is ours;We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon,The winds that will be howling at all hours,And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers,For this, for everything, we are out of tune;It moves us not. - Great God! I'd rather beA Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;Or hear old Triton blow his wreathà ¨d horn. When you analyze a full poem, there’s a good chance that assonance will only occur in certain parts of the work (rather than from start to finish). So don’t panic if you only find assonance in a few lines. Remember that assonance is often used to draw your attention to a specific moment or set of words, so just think of it as a clue to read that section a little closer. In Wordsworth’s poem, assonance occurs in the very beginning of the poem with the long â€Å"a† and at the end of the poem with the long â€Å"o†. Let’s take a closer look at the poem’s last three lines: Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn; Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;Or hear old Triton blow his wreathà ¨d horn. This poem is about how people have become too enmeshed with civilization (that focuses on â€Å"getting and spending†) and have lost touch with nature. The assonance in last lines emphasize the poem’s theme and help reinforce the piece’s tone. The long â€Å"o† adds a mournful sound to the concluding lines, which reiterates the forlorn tone of the poem. The assonance also reinforces the speaker’s opinion that the way of the past is better than life in the present. By mentioning Proteus and Triton, two Greek gods, the speaker highlights how the modernization of the world has caused it to lose more than its connection to nature: it’s lost its wonder and mystery, too. Assonance Examples in Prose While assonance is most common in poetry, you can also find assonance in prose. In prose works like novels, short stories, and nonfiction, authors use assonance to make their work more vivid. It helps their ideas leap off the page, and it creates tones and feelings that resonate with readers (just like in poetry)! Here’s an assonance example in literature that demonstrates how it can work outside of poetry. Example : A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man tells the story of the religious and intellectual awakening of Stephen Dedalus, a young man who values beauty and art. Throughout the book, Stephen questions and rebels against the Catholic and Irish conventions of his childhood, and he eventually leaves Ireland for Europe. Given Stephen’s love of art, it’s no surprise that the book often relies on poetic techniques to tell his story. Joyce often uses assonance, which we see in the following line: Soft language issued from their spitless lips as they swished in low circles round and round the field, winding hither and thither through the weeds. The assonance here comes from the repetition of the short â€Å"i,† which occurs eight times in this one sentence! The assonance mimics the sound of whispering, which helps readers experience the â€Å"soft language† Joyce is writing about. Assonance causes this sentence to swish â€Å"in low circles round† the reader, too- which adds to the seductive tone of this short passage. 4 Expert Tips for Analyzing Assonance Now that you know what assonance is, here are a few expert tips to help you find assonance and use it to analyze literature like a pro! Tip 1: Read It Out Loud Assonance is something you hear, rather than something you see. While you can look for similar vowels in words, English is a strange language where pronunciation can vary wildly, even when spelling is almost identical. Take â€Å"laughter† and â€Å"slaughter,† for example. Add one letter...and the pronunciation becomes insanely different! By reading a poem out loud or listening to a recording of it, it becomes a lot easier to find the repetition of vowel sounds. It also is a lot easier to discern how assonance affects the poem’s rhyme, rhythm, and emphasis. Trust us: reading a poem out loud is the best way to find assonance! Tip 2: Look at How Assonance Affects How a Passage Sounds Once you’ve found the assonance, it’s time to think about how it affects the text you’re reading. One way to do this is to start thinking about how assonance contributes to how the passage and/or poem is read. Does it create short, staccato sounds or long, mournful ones? How do these sounds help show readers what the poem is about? For instance, when assonance happens in short words right next to each other (like â€Å"the hard, stark markings on the car assembly line†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) can mimic the sound of factory, whereas longer, spread out assonance (the cool breeze moved along hills and moors) echoes the peacefulness of a breezy day! Tip 3: Examine the Word Choice Assonance only exists if a poet chooses a specific word that contains the same vowel sound as another word. That means each word in an assonant passage is important! Take a minute to examine the words the poet chooses. Are they related to each other in any way? Pull out a dictionary and look up each word. Along with their definition, do the words have connotative, or implied, meanings that change the way you might interpret the passage? How would using a synonym change the meaning of that line? Investigating why a writer uses the words he doesand paying close attention to what those words meancan help you uncover a poem’s important themes. Tip 4: Consider How Assonance Shapes the Poem as a Whole Look at passage, section, sentence, or line that contains the assonance. Like we mentioned before, assonance is often a way for authors to signal that a specific part of their work is important. Keeping that in mind, ask yourself what you think the purpose of that passage is in the overall scheme of the poem. What is the poet saying in this passage? Does it come at a key moment or an important turning point? Often, poets use assonance to make a point, so there’s a good chance they’re using assonance to communicate a specific message or idea! Now What? Remember: the best toolbox is a full toolbox. That’s why it’s important to understand more literary devices than just assonance! Here’s a list of the literary devices everyone should know and another in-depth guide to get you started. If you’re getting ready for the AP Literature exam- and you probably are!- it’s a good idea understand what’s on the test before you take it. That’s why we’ve put together an expert guide to the AP Literature exam that tells you everything you need to know to ace it! One of the most intimidating parts of the AP exam is the written portion, which requires you to use books you’ve read to answer essay prompts. But which books should you read to prepare? Check out this list of the best books to read for the AP Literature exam to help you build the best reading list possible.

Harsh Punishment Backfires in Prison, Researcher Says

Harsh Punishment Backfires in Prison, Researcher Says Currently, the U.S. leads the world in the rate of incarceration. The current numbers show that 612 people per 100,000 residents age 18 or older are imprisoned.   According to some criminal justice experts, the current prison system puts too much emphasis on harsh punishment and not enough on rehabilitation and it simply does not work. The current system only provides a breeding ground for more aggressive and violent behavior, according to Joel Dvoskin, PhD of the University of Arizona and author of Applying Social Science to Reduce Violent Offending. Aggression Breeds Aggression Prison environments are replete with aggressive behaviors, and people learn from watching others acting aggressively to get what they want, Dvoskin said. It is his belief that behavior modification and social learning principles can work inside prison just as they do outside. Certainty vs. Severity of Punishment In criminological research performed by Valerie Wright, Ph.D., Research Analyst at The Sentencing Project, it was determined that certainty of punishment, rather than the severity of punishment is more likely to deter criminal behavior. For example, if a city announces that police will be out in force looking for drunk drivers during a holiday weekend, it would likely increase the number of people who decide not to risk drinking and driving. Severity of punishment attempts to scare potential criminals because the punishment that they could receive is not worth the risk. This is the bases behind why states have adopted the tough policies such as Three Strikes.   The concept behind severe punishments assumes that the criminal is rational enough to weigh out the consequences before committing the crime.   However, as Wright points out, since half of the criminals that are locked up in U.S. prisons were drunk or high on drugs at the time of the offense, it is unlikely that they had the mental capacity to logically asses the consequences of their actions. Unfortunately, because of a shortage of police per capita and prison overcrowding, most crimes do not result in arrest or criminal incarceration. Clearly, enhancing the severity of punishment will have little impact on people who do not believe they will be apprehended for their actions. says Wright. Do Longer Sentences Improve Public Safety? Studies have shown that longer sentences result in higher rates of recidivism. According to Wright, accumulated data of 50 studies going back as far as 1958 on a total of 336,052 offenders with various criminal offenses and background showed the following: Offenders who averaged 30 months in prison had a recidivism rate of 29 percent. Offenders who averaged 12.9 months in prison had a recidivism rate of 26 percent. The Bureau of Justice Statistics did a study tracking 404,638 prisoners in 30 states after their release from prison in 2005. The researchers found that: Within three years of release, about two-thirds (67.8 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested.Within five years of release, about three-quarters (76.6 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested.Of those prisoners who were rearrested, more than half (56.7 percent) were arrested by the end of the first year. The research team theorizes that although offender services and programs may have a direct effect on desistance, individuals must decide independently to transform themselves into ex-offenders. However, the numbers do support Wrights argument that longer sentences result in higher rates of recidivism. Reaccessing the Economics of Current Crime Policies Both Wright and Dvoskin agree that the current money spent on incarceration has drained valuable resources and has not been effective in making communities safer. Wright points to a study done in 2006 that compared the cost of community drug treatment programs vs. the cost of incarcerating drug offenders. According to the study, a dollar spent on treatment in prison yields about six dollars of savings, whereas a dollar spent in community-based treatment yields nearly $20 in costs savings. Wright estimates that a savings $16.9 billion annually could be saved by a 50 percent reduction in the number of incarcerated non-violent offenders. Dvoskin feels that the rising prison population with the corresponding lack of increase in prison staff has reduced the ability of prison systems to supervise work programs that allow prisoners to build skills.   This makes it very hard to re-enter into the civilian world and increases the likelihood of going back to prison, Dvoskin said. Therefore, the priority should be placed on decreasing prison populations, he said: This can be done by paying more attention to those with the highest risk of violent behavior rather than focusing on lesser crimes, such as minor drug offenses. Conclusion By reducing the number of non-violent prisoners, it would free up the necessary money to invest in detecting criminal behavior which would increase the certainty of punishment and also allow for more effective programs that could help in reducing recidivism. Source: Workshop: Using Social Science to Prevent Violent Crime, Joel A. Dvoskin, PhD, University of Arizona College of Medicine Saturday, Aug. 8, Metro Toronto Convention Centre. Deterrence in Criminal Justice, Valerie Wright, Ph.D., The Sentencing Project.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods to estimate Research Paper

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods to estimate uncollectible receivables - Research Paper Example However, the disadvantage of such method is that it does not consider customers and their past trend for paying off their debts. It may be possible that in previous years, 20% of the receivable would have been uncollectible because customers were not trustworthy. However, this assumption may not be correct for the current year customers. In such a case, the percentage should also be revised accordingly. Another demerit of this method is that it applies to all of the company’s sales, which may include cash transactions also. It must be noted that uncollectible amounts are only against receivables (Barry, Ralph and Steven). It requires time to calculate uncollectible receivables by this method as bifurcation between cash and credit sales is difficult especially when the volume of transaction is high (Barry, Ralph and Steven). In this method, the collectibles are first analyzed as per their period. Such receivables may be classified as 15 days past due, 30 days past due, etc. Estimates are then made for debts beyond one year or other such criteria (Belverd and Marian). This aging helps to ascertain the will and financial health of the customer for paying off the debt. Another advantage of such aging method is that it helps to prioritize the efforts of recovery for individual debts based on the due days. More aged items are given more priority for recovery (Belverd and Marian). Disadvantage of such method is that it estimates those receivables to be uncollectible which may be received after certain time. It may be possible that the customer was willing to pay the amount, but he was unable to do that due to any reason such as liquidity crisis. Subsequently, customer may pay that amount which was expensed out as bad debt (Belverd and Marian). In this method, different classes of aging are applied different percentages for estimating the bad debts. For example, by applying 10%, 20% and 50% to 6 months, 9 months and 12 months old